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ABSCISSION OF LIGHT: (Latin "abscissio" - to cut off). Zadkiel defines abscission as the "cutting off or preventing of anything shown by one aspect by means of another." Abscission occurs when, before an aspect between two significators can perfect, one of the significators first aspects a slower planet, or a faster planet first aspects one of the significators. In either case the light of the approaching significator is cut off by the rays of the third planet which fall, by aspect or conjunction, between the two others which are forming an aspect. Symbolically abscission may interfere with whatever is promised by the forming aspect between significators. Synonymous with Frustration.

ACCIDENTAL DIGNITY: A placement which strengthens a planet because of its favorable position, aspect, or motion in the heavens at a given time and which is not one of the essential dignities due to zodiac position as described by Ptolemy. Lilly gave as some examples of accidental dignity: "Direct, swift in Motion, Angular, in Trine or Sextile with Jupiter or Venus, etc., or in Conjunction with certain notable fixed stars."

AFFLICTED: A planet is afflicted when it is unfavorably aspected, especially by a malefic. Afflicted planets are sometimes called Impedited or Impeded.
AIR SIGNS: Gemini, Libra, Aquarius.
ALGOL: Also called Caput Algol, a malefic fixed star, representing the Gorgon whose hair consisted of hissing snakes and who was decapitated by Perseus. Losing one's head in the matter. At 26 degrees 10' Taurus in 2000. Lilly allowed Caput Algol a moiety of 5 degrees in his scoring system, but modern astrologers tend to use smaller moieties of about 1 degrees for fixed stars. Followers of Lilly continue to use a moiety of 5 degrees for Algol, but only about one degree for the other fixed stars. In his scoring system, Lilly grants 6 points for a partile conjunction with Regulus (Cor Leonis) at 29 Leo 50' in 2000, and 5 points for a partile conjunction with Spica at 23 Libra 50' in 2000.
ALMUTEN: The Almuten of any degree of the zodiac is the planet that has the most total essential dignity at that degree. Some degrees may have more than one Almuten (e.g., if two planets are equally dignified in that degree, they are both Almuten there). Lilly writes: "the Almuten of any house is that planet who has most dignities in the sign ascending or descending on the Cusp of any house, whereon or from whence you require your judgment" (CA, p.49) Because signs may have both day and night rulers, Almutens may vary for the same degree of the zodiac, depending on whether it is a day or night chart. In addition, the chart as a whole can have an Almuten which Lilly defines as: "that Planet who in Essential and Accidental dignities is most powerful in the whole Scheme of Heaven" (CA, p. 49). Also referred to as Lord of the Geniture in nativities.
ANGULAR HOUSE: Houses 1, 4, 7, and 10.
ANTIPATHY: An inharmonious relationship of planets caused by their different natures, by aspect, or by rulership or exaltation in opposite signs. For example, the Sun which rules Leo has an antipathy for Saturn which rules the opposite sign Aquarius.
ANTISCION (SOLSTICE POINT): The reflection of a planet's position in the Cancer-Capricorn axis. In other words, antiscions are reflections across the vertical axis of the natural zodiac. The midpoint of a planet's position and its antiscion is always 0 degrees of Cancer or Capricorn. For example, the antiscion of 9 Capricorn is 21 Sagittarius; the antiscion of 12 Libra is 18 Pisces; and the antiscion of 5 Aries is 25 Virgo. The antiscion and its corresponding planet are equidistant from either solstice (0 Cancer or 0 Capricorn). The pairs of signs and their antiscion signs are: Aries/Virgo, Taurus/Leo, Gemini/Cancer, Libra/Pisces, Scorpio/Aquarius, and Sagittarius/ Capricorn. Lilly wrote, "There are Antiscions, which of the good Planets we think are equal to a Sextile or a Trine; so are there Contra-antiscions [points opposite the antiscions], which we find to be of the nature of a Square or Opposition." What Lilly calls "contra-antiscions" are also called "contrascions." See Contrascion.
APPLICATION: The movement of one planet toward another planet, house cusp, or sensitive point in approaching the formation of an aspect between them. Both planets may be direct, one direct and the other retrograde, or both retrograde. The term mutual application is used when a planet traveling direct is applying to one that is retrograde, so that each planet is heading toward the other. The faster planet, regardless of direction of motion, "casts its rays" to aspect the slower one. Application is the opposite of Separation.
APPLYING ASPECT: An aspect, not yet exact, in which the planets are approaching the angle specified by the aspect. After the aspect has formed and become exact, the planets begin to Separate.
ARABIC PART (LOT): A significant point on the Ecliptic whose position is derived from a combination of other significant points or planets. For example, the Part of Fortune is as distant from the Ascendant as the Moon is from the Sun; Pars Fortuna was considered the "horoscope (Ascendant) of the Moon." Many of the Parts are not truly Arabic. The Arab astrologers elaborated on lists of Parts (Lots) they inherited from ancient Egyptian, Babylonian and Greek sources.
ASCENDANT: The degree of the zodiac on the Ecliptic that is rising over the Eastern Horizon at the time of birth in a nativity, or at the time of casting the chart for a horary question.
ASCENSION (LONG AND SHORT): Because of the obliquity of the Ecliptic at 23.5 degrees to the Equator, some signs lie north and others south of the Equator. When the Earth rotates, signs of short ascension ascend quickly while signs of long ascension rise slowly. In the northern hemisphere the signs of long ascension are Cancer through Sagittarius, and the signs of short ascension are Capricorn through Gemini. The reverse is true in the southern hemisphere. The chart may not be radical or fit to judge if less than 3 degrees rise, especially in signs of short ascension. (See Considerations before Judgment). Lilly believed that major aspects occurring in signs of long ascension were stretched to the next larger major aspect, and that aspects occurring in signs of short ascension were shrunken to the next smaller major aspect. Thus, for example, in the northern hemisphere, a square between a planet in Cancer and one in Libra might act more like a trine, and a square between a planet in Capricorn and one in Aries might act more like a sextile. In Lilly's chart of the houses of Mr. B (CA, p. 220), the Moon at 19 Virgo was square Saturn at 21 Sagittarius "(yet out of signs of long ascensions) did much to facilitate the matter."
ASPECT: A specific angular relationship between planets, house cusps, or sensitive points measured in degrees of Ecliptic longitude. The major aspects are conjunction, sextile, square, trine, and opposition. In Ptolemy's language, the conjunction was not an "aspect" but rather a bodily joining (con-junction) of two planets. Dexter aspects are thrown from preceding signs, sinister aspects from succeeding ones. The Ptolemaic aspects are based on Pythagorean numerology and the classical Greek theory of music which identified certain harmonious ratios between the lengths of the strings of a musical instrument. The classical musical harmony ratios were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:3. Only signs of the zodiac that formed classical musical ratios according to their spacing around the zodiac were considered to be in aspect. Thus, if an opposition (totaling 6 signs) represents a straight line, then the ratio of a square (3 signs) to an opposition is 1:2., a sextile (2 signs) to an opposition is 2:6 or 1:3, a trine (4 signs) to an opposition is 4:6 or 2:3. The semisextile (1 sign) and the quincunx (5 signs) were not considered valid aspects because 1:6 and 5:6 were not regarded as ratios of musical harmony.
AVERAGE DAILY MOTION: The average motion of a planet during a 24 hour period. Traveling slower than average is a debility. The following list gives the Average Daily Motion of the seven visible planets from a geocentric point of view:
Moon 13d 10m 36s
Sun 0d 59m 08s
Mercury 0d 59m 08s (same as the Sun)
Venus 0d 59m 08s (same as the Sun)
Mars 0d 31m 27s
Jupiter 0d 4m 59s
Saturn 0d 2m 1s



Note that the Sun, Mercury, and Venus all have the same average daily motion from the viewpoint of geocentric astrology since they all travel together as a group (like a mini-solar system)around the earth, which is the center of the geocentric universe.
There has been some confusion about these values because Mercury can travel as fast as 1 degree 40 minutes per day and as slow as 1 degree 6 minutes per day. Hence, the average (mean) value of Mercury's fastest and slowest speeds is 1 degree 23 minutes, which is faster than its average daily motion over the course of a century.
Similarly, Venus has a fastest speed of 1 degree 22 minutes per day and a slowest speed of 1 degree 2 minutes per day. Hence, the average (mean) of Venus' fastest and slowest speeds is 1 degree 12 minutes, which is faster than its average daily motion over the course of a century, since both Venus and Mercury travel as a group with the sun around the earth in geocentric astrology. For further details, see the article by Jonathan Clark, pp. 15-16, The Horary Practitioner, Vol. 7, #20, 1996 Special Edition.
BARREN SIGNS: Gemini, Leo, Virgo.

BEHOLD: When two planets are within orb of an aspect, they are said to behold one another. Lilly gave the example of Saturn at 10 degrees of Aries beholding Mars at 7 degrees of Capricorn by dexter square aspect. Zodiac signs can behold one another in one of three ways: by major aspect (conjunction, sextile, square, trine, opposition), by antiscion, or by contrantiscion.

BEHOLDING SIGNS: Signs which have the same declination, or are at equal distances from the tropics, i.e., Aries and Virgo, Taurus and Leo, Gemini and Cancer, Libra and Pisces, Scorpio and Aquarius, and Sagittarius and Capricorn.

BENEFIC PLANET: A beneficial planet. In horary these are traditionally Venus (the lesser benefic) and Jupiter (the greater benefic). In addition, the Part of Fortune and the Moon's North Node are considered benefic as well as several fixed stars, most notably Regulus and Spica.

BESEIGED: According to Lilly, a planet is besieged when it lies between two malefics. According to some modern authors, a planet is besieged when the last aspect it completed and the next aspect it will make are to a malefic. Traditionally a besieged planet lay between Mars and Saturn, and in the same sign with them.

BESTIAL SIGNS: Aries, Taurus, Leo, Sagittarius, and Capricorn (CA, p.88), because these represent four-footed creatures.

BICORPOREAL (DOUBLE-BODIED) SIGNS: Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces (CA, p.88).

CADENT HOUSE: Houses 3, 6, 9, and 12. "Falling away" from the angles.

CAPUT ALGOL: See Algol. A malefic fixed star.

CAPUT DRACONIS: Head of the Dragon, or the Moon's North Node.

CARDINAL (MOVEABLE) SIGNS: Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn, corresponding to the Cardinal Points of a compass: Aries - East, Cancer - North, Libra - West, and Capricorn - South.

CAUDA DRACONIS: Tail of the Dragon, or the Moon's South Node.

CAZIMI: "In the heart of the Sun" - within 17 minutes of arc of the Sun's Ecliptic position and therefore corporally joined to the body of the Sun. The sun's radius on the Celestial Sphere was considered to be 17 minutes of arc. Traditionally a Cazimi planet is fortified.

CELESTIAL EQUATOR: The projection of the Earth's equator onto the Celestial Sphere in the same plane as the Earth's equator.

CELESTIAL SPHERE: The imaginary sphere whose center is the center of the Earth and on which the fixed stars, planets, Sun, Moon, and the zodiac are located.

CHALDEAN ORDER OF THE PLANETS: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon. The first (geocentrically outermost) Chaldean planet, Saturn, is the "heaviest" or "slowest," and the 7th or last (geocentrically innermost) Chaldean "planet," the Moon, is the "lightest" or "swiftest."

COLLECTION OF LIGHT: Collection occurs when a slower planet receives aspects from two faster planets, which are not themselves in aspect. The slower planet collects the light of the faster planets and symbolizes that the matter can be perfected through a third person or intermediary described by the slow third planet. Traditionally each faster planet must receive the collecting planet in one of their Ptolemaic dignities. In other words, the slow (heavy) collecting planet must occupy a region of the zodiac where each faster planet has some dignity.

COMBUST: A planet is combust if it lies in the same sign as the Sun beyond the Sun's body (17') but within the moiety or half-orb (8.5 degrees ) of the Sun. Being combust burns up and thus weakens a planet. Traditionally the Moon is especially debilitated when combust.

COMMANDING SIGNS: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo - considered more powerful than the other six signs because they are nearer the Zenith. Also called Northern Signs, they have power over the Southern Signs. Presumably, when the observer is south of the Equator, the northern signs would obey and the southern signs command. Traditional horary astrology developed in the northern hemisphere and many of its definitions reflect that point of view.

COMMON SIGNS: The Mutable signs.

CONJUNCTION: The bodily joining or union (con-junction) of two planets, or of a planet with a fixed star, or of a planet with a point in the horoscope such as a house cusp or an Arabic part. Each planet is surrounded by an orb of influence, and the planets are said to be in conjunction when they are close enough that their orbs are in contact and a mixture of the planetary "rays" occurs.

CONSIDERATION BEFORE JUDGMENT: A condition in a horary chart that cautions against reading the chart because it might not be radical or fit to judge. Traditional astrologers sometimes refused to read a chart if a consideration before judgment appeared. Modern astrologers sometimes call them "strictures" and regard them as warnings to proceed cautiously. Sometimes the considerations before judgment give relevant information about the question. A fundamental consideration is are that sincere questions produce valid charts. Some classical considerations before judgment are:
a) Less than 3 degrees rising: a premature question.
b) More than 27 degrees rising: a post-mature question.
c) Moon in Via Combusta: not safe to judge unless it conjoins Spica.
d) Moon in a late degree, especially in Gemini, Scorpio, or Capricorn: it may not be safe to judge.
e) Moon Void of Course. Lilly wrote (CA, p. 122): "All manner of matters go hardly on, unless the principal significators are very strong, when the Moon is void of course. Yet the Moon performs somewhat when void of course in Taurus, Cancer, Sagittarius, or Pisces." The presence of the Moon in Taurus, Cancer, Sagittarius, or Pisces somewhat mitigates the effect of being Void of Course.
f) Saturn retrograde in 1st house: Matters will generally not work out well.
g) Saturn in the 7th house: Astrologer's judgment may be impaired. Jonathan Clarks adds "unless the question is about a seventh house subject."
h) 7th house ruler afflicted: Astrologer will have difficulty answering the question.
i) Moon Void of Course: Nothing will come of the matter. The Moon may function when Void of Course in Taurus, Cancer, Sagittarius, or Pisces.
j) The Ascendant ruler is combust the Sun: The querent is quite worried, and the astrologer may be working with inadequate information. Lilly comments that a combust ruler of the Ascendant means that the question will not take nor will the querent be regulated by the chart.

CO-SIGNIFICATORS: Co-rulers. The planet ruling the sign on the cusp of a house is the primary significator. Planets within that house are co-significators. If a sign is intercepted in a house, that sign's ruler is a co-significator. The Moon always co-rules the querent.

CON-SIGNIFICATORS: A sign or planet believed to have an affinity with a mundane house because it falls in the same numerical order as the house. Not to be confused with co-significators. The sign of the zodiac naturally paired with a house is its CON-significator. For example, Aries is the con-significator of the 1st house, Taurus of the 2nd, etc. The planets taken in Chaldean order (Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon) are con-significators of the houses falling in the same sequence. Thus, Saturn is con-significator of houses 1 and 8, Jupiter of houses 2 and 9, Mars of houses 3 and 10, sun of houses 4 and 11, Venus of houses 5 and 12, Mercury of house 6, and the Moon of house 7.

CONSTELLATION: A group of stars named after a figure or animal they are considered to represent. The circle of twelve constellations of the zodiac, as opposed to signs of the zodiac, constitute the Sidereal zodiac.

CONTRAIETY OF PLANETS: Dariot (p. 37) wrote: "This contrariety happens, when a weighty planet is placed in the midst, between two light planets, the first applying unto the weighty planet, and the third being retrograde, joined himself to the second, and after to the first. For not only the conjunction of the first and the second is letted, but also the third is joined with the second, and the first." Dariot gives the example of Mercury applying the conjoin the Sun by direct motion and Venus applying to conjoin the Sun by retrograde motion. Mercury and Venus are both "lighter" than the Sun. In this example, Venus conjoins the Sun before Mercury can and then Venus moves retrograde to conjoin Mercury and thereby "letteth the corporal or bodily conjunction of the Sun and Mercury" (p.38). See Prohibition.

CONTRANTISCION: Also called contrascion. The contrascion of a planet is that point at the same distance from but on the opposite side of the equinoctial axis, 0 degrees Aries - 0 degrees Libra. The midpoints of a planet and its contrascion are always 0 degrees Aries and 0 degrees Libra. The contrascion of a planet is always opposite its antiscion. For example, the contrascion of 5 Aries is 25 Pisces; the contrascion of 10 Taurus is 20 Aquarius; and the contrascion of 11 Cancer is 19 Sagittarius. Contrascions are reflections across the horizontal axis of the natural zodiac.

CONTRAPARALLEL: There can be Contraparallels of Latitude (when two planets have equal but opposite latitudes measured north and south of the Ecliptic) and Contraparallels of Declination (when two planets have equal but opposite declinations measured north and south of the Celestial Equator). Many astrologers regard contraparallels as symbolically similar to oppositions.

CRITICAL DAYS: Those days on which the Moon makes successive 45 degrees transiting aspects to its original position in a chart for an illness or event. Such days are stressful crisis points for the illness or event. Favorable crises occur when the Moon makes successive 60 degrees aspects to its radical position. Commonly used in decumbiture charts.

CRITICAL DEGREE: According to modern astrologers, critical degrees mark the boundaries between Lunar Mansions. Also called critical are the degrees that are at the beginning and ending (0 degrees and 29 degrees ) of zodiac signs (Ivy Jacobson). The critical Lunar Mansion degrees are: 0 degrees, 12 degrees 51', and 25 degrees 43' of Cardinal signs; 8 degrees 34' and 21 degrees 26' of Fixed signs; and 4 degrees 17' and 17 degrees 09' of Mutable signs. Lilly does not use this concept in Christian Astrology (1647).

CULMINATION: 1) The arrival of a planet at the Midheaven (M.C., upper meridian). Sometimes called "southing." 2) Culmination also refers to the perfection of an aspect.

CUSP: The boundary between one house and another, or between one sign and another. The ancients considered a planet within 5 degrees of the cusp of the next house to be in the next house. This rule may derive from the heliacal risings of planets when they were obscured by the Sun's rays, or it may derive from the notion of house cusps having an orb of influence that extends 5 degrees into the preceding house. Thus, for several minutes after sunrise, the Sun remains in the first house. Sometimes aspects to relevant house cusps give useful information in horary questions. Campanus and Regiomontanus regarded the house cusps to be points of maximum intensity of influence of the house rather than the starting points of the house.

DAY AND NIGHT TRIPLICITIES:

Lilly used the following system of rulerships of triplicities:

Triplicity Day Ruler Night Ruler

Fire Sun Jupiter
Earth Venus Moon
Air Saturn Mercury
Water Mars Mars




Ptolemy's system of day and night rulers consisted of a day ruler, a night ruler, and a combined ruler of each triplicity as follows:

Triplicity Day Ruler Night Ruler Combined Ruler

Fire Sun Jupiter Mars
Earth Venus Moon Saturn
Air Saturn Mercury Jupiter
Water Venus Moon Mars




Dorotheus proposed yet another system of triplicity rulerships (Carmen Astrologicum, pp. 161-162):
Fire triplicity by day: Sun then Jupiter then Saturn (presumably this refers to decanates?).
Fire triplicity by night: Jupiter, Sun, Saturn.
Earth triplicity by day: Venus, Moon, Mars.
Earth triplicity by night: Moon, Venus, Mars ("and in Virgo is also a share for Mercury").
Air triplicity by day: Saturn, Mercury, Jupiter.
Air triplicity by night: Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter.
Water triplicity by day: Venus, Mars, Moon.
Water triplicity by night: Mars, Venus, Moon.
DAY HOUSE: The sign a planet rules by day. Except for the Moon, whose Day House is Cancer, each planet rules a masculine (odd numbered) sign by day. (The Moon has only one "house," Cancer.)

DAY RULERS: Sun = Sunday, Moon = Monday, Mars = Tuesday, Mercury = Wednesday, Jupiter = Thursday, Venus = Friday, Saturn = Saturday.

DEBILITY: A weak or afflicted condition of a planet. Being in Detriment or in Fall are potent essential debilities.

DECANATE (DECAN): A division of each sign into three 10 degrees segments. There is a Hindu division of each sign into three decans ruled by the three signs of the same element. There is a Chaldean division of each sign into three 10 degrees faces ruled by the seven classical planets in Chaldean order, starting with Mars ruling the first Face of Aries.

DECREASING IN LIGHT: Waning. Usually said of the Moon as it approaches the Sun in the order of the signs on its way to a conjunction (New Moon) after leaving its opposition (Full Moon). When decreasing in light, the Moon forms a series of sinister aspects to the Sun.

DECLINATION: A measure of angular distance above or below the Celestial Equator.

DECUMBITURE: A lying down due to illness. A chart cast for the time a person first becomes ill or takes to the sickbed. Horary rules are used to interpret a decumbiture chart. The Ascendant signifies the sick person. Lilly appears to have regarded the question, "Whether one absent be dead or alive?" as a variant of a decumbiture chart when the querent bore no relationship to the missing person. Lilly says that when the "Querent hath no relation to the party, then the 1st house, the Lord of that house and the Moon shall signify the absent party." The 8th house, any planets therein or within 5 degrees of the 8th cusp, show the death of the missing person.

DERIVED HOUSES: A method of renumbering the houses so that the matter or person asked about becomes the new 1st house and the other houses are numbered in order around the wheel from the new 1st house. Thus, in a question about a child, the natural fifth house becomes the child's 1st, the natural sixth house becomes the child's second house, and so on around the chart.

DETRIMENT: A sign opposite the one ruled by a planet. For example, the detriment of the Moon is Capricorn because the Moon rules the opposite sign Cancer. Being in detriment weakens a planet and is a debility. A person represented by a planet in detriment may feel out-classed, be obligated to work, and functions at a disadvantage.

DEXTER ASPECT: Dexter means "on the right-hand side." A dexter aspect is one in which the faster planet is waxing, or increasing in light, with respect to the slower one. The faster (applying) planet is casting its rays to the right (dexter) to form the aspect because the more ponderous planet lies on the right side of the applying planet as viewed from the Earth. Lilly says "Dexter Aspects are contrary to the succession of Signs," that is, the rays of the faster planet flow clockwise around the wheel to reach the slower planet as viewed from the Earth. If planets are direct in motion, a dexter aspect forms as a result of increasing angular distance between them so that the planets are moving toward an eventual opposition. A dexter aspect takes place when a faster moving planet aspects a slower moving planet in a direction contrary to the natural direction of the zodiac. For example, the Moon in Aries would cast a dexter square to Jupiter in Capricorn. Ptolemy regarded the 11th house of the Good Daemon as sextile dexter to (sextile and to the right of) the 1st house. Dexter aspects are traditionally more potent than sinister ones. Remember those sketches of an angel sitting on the right shoulder and a devil on the left one? See Sinister. (Dorothy Kovach added that a dexter aspect takes place when a faster moving planet aspects a slower moving planet in a direction contrary to the natural direction of the zodiac.)

DIGNITY: A condition which strengthens a planet's influence. Dignity may be ESSENTIAL due to an affinity or sympathy of a planet with a particular region of the zodiac, or ACCIDENTAL due to house position, planetary motion, favorable aspects, etc.

DIRECT MOTION: Movement of a planet in the order of the zodiac signs from Aries to Taurus to Gemini, etc. Retrograde motion is opposite to direct motion.

DIRECTIONS BY HOUSE: The houses are assigned compass directions with the Ascendant pointing East; the Descendant, West; and in the northern hemisphere above the Tropic of Cancer, the IC, North (away from the Ecliptic or path of the Sun); and the MC, South (toward the Ecliptic). The intermediate houses correspond to the intermediate compass directions.

DIRECTIONS BY SIGN:
Fire: East

Aries- E
Leo - E by N
Sagittarius - E by S

Water: North

Cancer - N
Scorpio - N by E
Pisces - N by W

Air: West

Libra - W
Aquarius - W by N
Gemini - W by S

Earth: South

Capricorn - S
Taurus - S by E
Virgo - S by W




DISPOSITOR: The planet that rules the sign or dignity another planet occupies. For example, if Mars is in Libra, the dispositor of Mars is Venus. In addition, a planet can Dispose (Receive) another planet through any of its essential Ptolemaic dignities. Thus, the Sun will dispose by exaltation any planet in Aries because the Sun is exalted in Aries.

DIURNAL PLANETS: Saturn, Jupiter, Sun.

DOMAL DIGNITY: A planet in its own home sign has domal dignity. For example, the Sun has domal dignity in Leo, and Saturn has domal dignity in Capricorn and Aquarius.

DWELLING IN HOUSES: According to Lilly (CA, pp. 127 - 128) "things are sometimes perfected by the dwelling of Planets in houses, viz., when the Significator of the thing demanded is casually posited in the Ascendant; as if one demand if he shall obtain such a Place or Dignity, if then the Lord of the tenth be placed in the Ascendant, he shall obtain the Benefit, Office, Place or Honor desired. This rule of the Ancients holds not true, or is consentanious to reason, except they will admit, that when the Moon, besides this dwelling in house, doth transfer the light of the Significator of the thing desired, to the Lord of the Ascendanta€|" The idea of "dwelling is houses" is related to the idea of "emplacement."

EARTH SIGNS: Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn.

EAST POINT: The point on the Celestial Equator rising on the Eastern Horizon at birth. The East Point is the intersection of the Eastern Horizon, Prime Vertical, and Celestial Equator. The Ascendant is the intersection of the Eastern Horizon with the Ecliptic.

ECLIPTIC: The apparent path of the Sun on the Celestial Sphere in Earth centered astronomy. The Ecliptic is inclined at 23.5 degrees to the Celestial Equator.

ELECTIONAL CHART: A horoscope chart cast to determine the best time to take action. Electional astrology is the reverse application of horary procedures.

ELEMENTS: Fire, Air, Earth, and Water.

EMPLACEMENT: Carol Wiggers divides horary questions into two types: "perfection horaries" and "emplacement horaries." Perfection horaries require an applying major aspect between significators to answer the question. Emplacement horaries depend on the house position of the significators to answer the question. For example, in answering questions about lost objects, we depend on the house and sign positions of the significators to describe the location of the missing item. Lilly used "emplacement" to tell a querent "to what part of the worlda€|he might best apply himself to live in" (CA, p. 137). Lilly responded: "The Lord of the Ascendant is the sun, who being near the cusp of the 9th house (signifying long journeys) and the sign thereof movable; I intimated he was resolving suddenly upon a journey southeast, and to those parts of the world which lie from London southeasta€|." See also Dwelling in Houses.

EQUINOX: (Equal day and night). The points where the Equator intersects the Ecliptic. Vernal Equinox = 0 degrees Aries. Autumnal Equinox = 0 degrees Libra. Aries and Libra are the Equinoctial signs.

ESSENTIAL DIGNITY: A region of the zodiac where a planet has a special affinity and is therefore more powerful. Essential dignity can occur by ruling sign (domal), exaltation, triplicity, term, or face (listed in order from strongest to weakest). Persons represented by planets with domal dignity are usually well-situated and powerful; by exalted planets, proud, prominent, and unyielding; by planets in their triplicity, in good circumstances; by planets in their own terms, respectable but not especially powerful; by planets in their own face, mildly dignified, or "like a man about to be turned out of doors."

EXALTATION: A sign in which a planet functions well. A form of essential dignity. In horary, an exalted significator may represent an arrogant person (CA, p. 102) "assuming more than his due, or someone who thinks quite well of him- or herself. Exaltation is next in power to dignity by ruling sign. (Dorothy Kovach questioned the use of the word 'arrogant' here and has not found this description to be the case in her horary charts.)

FACE: The weakest form of essential dignity, "like a man about to be turned out of doors.". Each sign is divided into three 10 degrees faces, and a different planet has dignity in each face of the sign. See Decanate.

FALL: A sign opposite the one in which a planet is exalted. A significator in its fall may indicate an unfortunate, helpless, insolvent, or cruel person. A planet in its fall may literally refer to a person who has fallen, been disgraced, or suffered some kind of limitation. In charts about a missing object, it may have fallen down from where it was originally.

FEMININE PLANETS: Traditionally the Moon and Venus. In addition, Mercury is feminine when joined with a feminine planet and masculine when joined with a masculine planet.

FEMININE SIGNS: Water and Earth signs. The even numbered or "yin" signs of the natural zodiac.

FERAL SIGNS: According to Lilly (CA, p. 89), "Ferall signs are Leo and the last part of Sagittarius."

FIGURE: A horoscopic chart.

FIRE SIGNS: Aries, Leo, Sagittarius.

FIXED SIGNS: Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius.

FIXED STARS: Those stars outside our solar system which appear to be stationary on the Celestial Sphere when compared with the wanderings of the Sun, Moon, and planets. The fixed stars for the backdrop of the canopy of the heavens on which the Sun, Moon, and planets are seen to be moving. Because of precession the "fixed stars" appear to move forward in the tropical zodiac at a rate of about 50.23 seconds of arc per year, eight minutes every 10 years, or one degree every 72 years. For an example of a fixed start, see "Algol" in this glossary.

FORTUNES: Benefic planets, especially Venus and Jupiter. Also the Sun and Moon when free of affliction. The Moon's North Node and Pars Fortuna are considered fortunate points. Spica and Regulus are potent benefic fixed stars.

FRUITFUL (PROLIFIC) SIGNS: The water signs, that is, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces.

FRUSTRATION: Lilly used "frustration" to refer to problems with the operation of a conjunction: "when a swift Planet would corporally join with a more ponderous, but before they can come to a Conjunction, the more weighty Planet is joined to another, and so the Conjunction of the first is frustrated." Frustration interferes with the perfection of the matter. Many writers consider Abscission and Frustration to be synonymous so that when a planet is about to form aspects with two other planets, the aspect that perfects first causes an abscission of light that frustrates the influence of the second aspect. In Lilly's definition, a faster planet is about to conjoin a slower one which happens to conjoin a different planet before the faster one can reach it.

GREAT CIRCLE: A circle either on the surface of the Earth or on the Celestial Sphere whose plane passes through the center of the Earth. The meridian and the prime vertical are examples of great circles.

HAYZ: A masculine, diurnal planet above the horizon in a masculine sign by day; or a feminine, nocturnal planet below the horizon in a feminine sign by night. A form of fortunate accidental dignity. The feminine, nocturnal planets are the Moon and Venus. The masculine, diurnal planets are the Sun, Jupiter, and Saturn. (Mars is masculine but nocturnal.)

HELIACAL RISING: "Rising with the Sun" - occurs when a planet or star, which was hidden by the Sun's rays, again becomes visible.

HINDRANCE: Any condition that hinders or impedes the functioning of a significator.

HORARY: Latin - "of the hour."

HORIZON: The Visible or Apparent Horizon is a circle which encompasses what the observer can see on the surface of the Earth. It is the circle formed where the sky around the observer meets the Earth. The Rational or True Horizon is a great circle parallel to the visible horizon whose plane goes through the center of the Earth. The Celestial Horizon is the rational horizon extended infinitely into space to intersect the Celestial Sphere.

HOUSE: One of the twelve divisions of the zodiac circle in terms of either time or space. The houses symbolically represent 12 sectors of life situations and/or relationships. There are many methods of house division. Most start the first house at the Ascendant and the 10th house at the Midheaven. Lilly used the Regiomontanus house system for his horary charts.

HOUSES, FORTUNATE AND UNFORTUNATE: Lilly regarded houses 8, 6, and 12 as unfortunate. A planet was fortunately placed in the house of its joy or in a house for which it was a consignificator. He noted that the sun and Mars are never well-placed in the 2nd house, and that Mars and Saturn are unfortunate in the 5th, 7th, and 9th houses. The sun and Jupiter do well in the 10th house.

HOUSE STRENGTH: Lilly rank-ordered the houses from strongest (most benefic) to weakest (most malefic) as follows: 1, 10, 7, 4, 11, 5, 9, 3, 2, 8, 6, 12. Dariot regarded houses 6, 8, and 12 as "evil houses."

HUMAN SIGNS: Gemini, Virgo, Aquarius, and the first half of Sagittarius.

IMPEDITION: Any factor that weakens a significator. Badly aspected, especially by malefics. Affliction. Hindrance.

IMUM COELI (IC): The point on the Ecliptic opposite the Midheaven. The point where the Ecliptic intersects the meridian below the horizon. This differs from the nadir, which is the point opposite the zenith (directly below the person's feet if one draws a line through the observer from the center of the earth).

INCONJUNCT: According to Ptolemy, signs that are either one sign or five signs apart, corresponding to the modern semi-sextile (30 degrees ) and quincunx (150 degrees ). Inconjunct signs are also called dissociate signs. Signs in "inconjunct" relationship did not relate to one another according to one of the ratios of the musical scale and therefore did not participate in the harmony of the spheres.

INCREASING IN LIGHT: Waxing. This occurs when the Moon (or a planet) is separating from a conjunction and moving toward opposition with the Sun and appears to increase in light as viewed from the Earth. Once the Moon passes its opposition to the Sun, it appears to decrease in light. To be increasing in light is an accidental dignity. Note that the inner planets, Venus and Mercury, travel (from a geocentric viewpoint) with the Sun and can never form an opposition with the Sun in an earth-centered horoscope.

INFERIOR PLANETS: Mercury and Venus whose orbits are within that of the Earth. Inferior planets and the Moon are accidentally dignified when they rise after the Sun, that is, when occidental of the Sun.

INFORTUNES: Malefics, traditionally Mars and Saturn. The Moon's South Node is an unfortunate point. Several malefic fixed stars can act as Infortunes, especially Caput Algol.

INTERCEPTED: A sign is intercepted when it lies wholly within a single house and does not occupy the cusp at either end of the house. A planet is intercepted when it lies in an intercepted sign. In the northern hemisphere the signs of short ascension (Capricorn through Gemini) are most often intercepted. Being intercepted may restrict the freedom of a planet to act. (Dorothy Kovach added that in traditional horary, if a sign is intercepted, that the ruler of the intercepted sign becomes the co-ruler of that house. Jonathan Clark added that intercepted houses and planets show something which is not at first obvious, or something hidden.)

JOY: An ancient form of house rulership which assigned planets to the houses they most enjoyed occupying. For example, Venus rejoiced in the love affairs of the 5th house, and Saturn rejoiced in the misery of the 12th. The Moon has joy in the 3rd house, the Sun in the 9th (some say also in the 10th), Mercury in the 1st, Mars in the 6th, and Jupiter in the 11th.

KOCH HOUSES: A system of house division developed by Dr. Walter Koch and based on dividing the quarters of the chart formed by the Ascendant and Midheaven axes into three equal time segments rather than three equal spatial segments as in the Regiomontanus system. The Koch method, also called the birth place system, is similar to an earlier system of Alcabitius.

LATITUDE (CELESTIAL): A measure of angular distance above or below the Ecliptic.
LOCAL TIME: Sun time. The actual time at a location within a time zone. Noon local time occurs when the Sun crosses the meridian of that location. The time that we note from our clocks is the time at the time zone (TZ) marker and but not the actual local time.

LOCATION BY ELEMENT:
If the ruler of a lost object is in a:
Fire Sign - Middle height, midway up in a room, near a wall, near something connected with heat or fire.
Earth Sign - Near the Earth, on or under the ground, in the basement, on the ground floor.
Air Sign - High up in a room, in an upper room, in an attic, on an upper shelf, near a window.
Water Sign - Low in a room, near water or plumbing, in a bathroom.

LOCATION BY HOUSE TYPE: See CA, pp. 202 - 204. If the ruler of a lost item is in an:
Angular House - It is nearby, or where the querent spends much time. It will be easy to find. The first house is where the querent "most frequentsa€|or layeth up his own Commodities." The 4th house is "where the most aged of the house doth lodge, or formerly did most frequent, or in the middle of the house, or in the most ancient part of the house, where either his Father or some ancient man lodged." The 7th house is "where his Wife, or his Maid-servants have most to doe in." The 10th house refers to the querent's "Shop, if he be a Mechanick; if a Gentleman, in his Hall or Dinining-room; if a Husband-man, in the ordinary common room of this house, or the first room after entrance into his house."

Succedent House - It is harder to find and not in its usual place.

Cadent House - It may be far off, difficult to find, hidden, and may not be found.

LONG ASCENSION: See Ascension.
LONGITUDE (CELESTIAL): A measure of angular distance along the 360 degrees of the Ecliptic starting at the first point of Aries, the vernal equinox.

LORD: The lord of a sign is the planet that rules or governs that sign. The lord of a house is the planet ruling the sign on the cusp of the house.

LOST OBJECTS: Personal possessions (movable versus real estate) are shown by the 2nd house. The house and sign placement of the 2nd ruler usually give a clue to the location of the lost object. The Moon rules fugitives and lost items. The dispositor of Pars Fortuna can also represent one's belongings. In addition, a particular item may have a natural ruler. The lost item will usually be found if it's ruler is retrograde and/or applies to a favorable aspect with the owner's ruler. In my experience a Void of Course Moon often means that the lost item will be found. Lilly considered the following factors in locating items that were missing in one's house (CA, p. 204):
The sign ascending, its nature, the quarter of heaven it signified.
The sign the Lord of the Ascendant was in.
The sign of the fourth house.
The sign the Lord of the fourth was in.
What sign the Moon was in.
The sign of the second house.
The sign the Lord of the second was in.
The sign the Part of Fortune was in.
Lilly then considered the "quality of the Signe, as to shew what part of the house it was ina€|according to the greater number of testimoniesa€|" using the idea that Fire signs are east; Air signs, west; Water signs, north; and Earth signs, south. In addition, Lilly regarded "aiery Signes, above ground; fiery Signes, neere a Wall or Partition; earthly Signes, on the Floor; watry, neere a moyst place in the roome, etc."
LUMINARIES (LIGHTS): The Sun and the Moon.

LUNAR MANSION: One of 28 divisions of the zodiac circle used to designate the Moon's position on a given day of the 28 day lunar month. Some modern horary astrologer regard the cusps of the Lunar Mansions to be critical degrees showing a crisis or critical point in the matter inquired about.

MAJOR ASPECT: Also called PTOLEMAIC ASPECTS. The conjunction - 0 degrees (technically speaking, the conjunction is a "bodily joining" rather than an angular aspect between planets, but modern writers refer to it as an aspect), sextile - 60 degrees, square - 90 degrees, trine - 120 degrees, and opposition - 180 degrees. Application by conjunction, sextile, or trine without frustration or interference usually brings matters to completion. The sextile and trine are aspects of harmony, union and agreement. Squares show obstacles, problems, stress and tension, and warn the querent against proceeding. Oppositions indicate separation, alienation, pulling apart, difficulty, and failure. No aspects between significators usually mean no action will occur in the matter.

MALEFIC: An unfortunate planet. Traditionally Mars and Saturn. Modern authors often include Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The Moon's South Node is a malefic point. There are many malefic fixed stars, especially Algol.

MASCULINE PLANETS: Traditionally the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Also, Mercury when in conjunction or in aspect with a masculine planet.

MASCULINE SIGNS: Air and fire signs. The odd numbered "yang" signs of the natural zodiac.

MATUTINE (MATUTINAL): Said of a planet that rises in morning in the east before the sun rises.

MEAN MOTION: The mean or average daily motion of the planets is a measure of their average speed in degrees and minutes per day over the course of several years. The mean or average daily motion should not be confused with the mean or average value of the fastest and slowest possible speeds of the planets. See Average Daily Motion.
MEDUSA'S HEAD: See Algol.

MERIDIAN: The great circle passing through the North and South points of the Horizon and through the zenith of the observer. The Sun lies on the meridian at apparent Noon.

MIDHEAVEN (M.C. / MEDIUM COELI): The point on the Ecliptic which is due South of the location for which a horoscope chart is cast, and where the Sun is at Noon local mean time. The point of culmination of the Sun. The highest point on the Ecliptic where it intersects the meridian. The M.C should not be confused with the zenith which is directly overhead on a line drawn through the observer from the center of the earth. The MC lies on the ecliptic which is the path of the sun across the sky. In northern hemispheres the ecliptic lies south of the observer; it is a great circle that makes a 23.5 degree angle with the celestial equator.

MOIETY: Half of the traditional orb of a planet. The orb of a planet is the diameter of an imaginary sphere of light surrounding the planet. The moiety is the radius of that sphere. When the sphere of light around one planet is able to touch the sphere of light around another planet by conjunction or major aspect so that there is a blending of the light from the two planets, then the aspect between the planets is considered to be in effect. The sum of the moieties of the two planets gives the maximum distance the two planet's bodies can be from exact aspect for the aspect to be effective. Today we call this sum of moieties the orb of the aspect.

MOON: The Moon is important in horary as an universal co-significator of the querent and of the question. The Moon's position by house and sign frequently shows where the interest of the querent lies. According to Watters, the Moon rules function. Barclay says the Moon is "like a verb." It shows action and timing. When the Moon makes no aspects, it is Void of Course and there is little the querent can do about the matter. All the aspects the Moon makes while in its sign in the horary chart, both before and after the question, show the events in the querent's life preceding and following the question (whether related to the question or not).

MOTION: See "Average Daily Motion" and also "Speed of the Planets."
MOVABLE SIGNS: The Cardinal signs, the movers and shakers of the zodiac, namely, Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn..
MUNDANE ASTROLOGY: The astrology of world affairs (from the Latin "mundus" for world).

MUTABLE SIGNS: Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces.

MUTE (DUMB) SIGNS: Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces. The water signs have no voice. According to Lilly (CA, p. 89), the mute signs are "Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces; the more if Mercury be in any of them, in conjunction, square, or opposition of Saturn."

MUTUAL APPLICATION: An applying aspect in which the two planets are moving toward one another because one is advancing and the other is retrograde. A potent force in bringing matters to perfection. Often brings a fast, unexpected result.

MUTUAL RECEPTION: This occurs when two planets receive each other in one of their essential dignities. Mutual reception by ruling sign is the strongest. There can be reception (in order of strength) by sign, exaltation, triplicity, term, or face. There are also mixed mutual receptions, as when planet A is in the terms of B while planet B is in the exaltation of A. According to Bonatus, "reception abates all malice." Some astrologers believe that mutual receptions give a way out by conferring exchange status, that is, if two planets are in mutual reception by sign or exaltation, either planet can be read back to the sign and degree position of the other as if they had exchanged positions in the chart. Mutual reception by triplicity, term, or face are weaker and probably do not confer exchange status.

NADIR: The point opposite the Zenith directly below the observer through the center of the Earth, not to be confused with the Imum Coeli.

NATURES OF THE PLANETS AND SIGNS: Planets and signs can be classified as hot or cold, dry or moist. The following grid will help for easy reference:
DRY MOIST


HOT Mars, Sun Jupiter
Fire Signs Air Signs


COLD Mercury, Saturn Moon, Venus
Earth Signs Water Signs




NIGHT HOUSE: The sign a planet rules by night. Except for the sun, whose night house is Leo, each planet rules a feminine (even numbered) sign by night. The sun has Leo as its only house.

NOCTURNAL PLANETS: Moon, Venus, Mars.

NODAL DEGREE: The same degree, regardless of sign position, as the Moon's Mean Nodes. Thus, if the North Node is at 12 degrees Cancer 17', then a planet from 12 degrees 0' to 12 degrees 59' of any sign is in a Nodal degree and sometimes signifies a fateful event, occasionally even a tragedy or fatality in the matter. When a significator is in a Nodal degree, something fateful, beyond the control of the querent, may occur in the matter. The Nodal degree may be unfortunate, but I have seen many charts with Nodal degree significators where nothing untoward happened.

NODE (MOON'S): The points where the Moon's orbit crosses the Ecliptic. The Moon's North Node (Dragon's Head) has the nature of Jupiter, and the South Node (Dragon's Tail) the nature of Saturn. The Moon's Means Nodes are most commonly used in horary astrology.

NORTHERN SIGNS: The Commanding Signs closest to the Zenith.

OBEYING SIGNS: The southern signs opposite the commanding signs.

OCCIDENTAL OF THE SUN: A planet is occidental of the Sun when it rises or sets after the Sun. If you rotate the chart so the Sun is on the Ascendant, planets below the horizon are occidental. The Moon, Mercury, and Venus are accidentally dignified when occidental. The western half of a chart between the M.C. and 4th cusp is called the occidental side of the chart. A planet setting in the west after the sun is also called "vespertine."

ORB OF A PLANET: (Orb means "sphere.") The orb is measured as the diameter of an imaginary sphere of light surrounding a planet. The light within this sphere is strong enough to form aspects with another planet by mixing with the light surrounding the other planet. Think of two balls of light with planets at their centers approaching each other in space. When the surfaces of these balls of light make contact by conjunction or major aspect, then the aspect begins to take effect. It's like target practice in which the rays of the faster planet have to hit the orb around the bull's eye at the slower planet's center. The orb is twice the moiety. The sum of the moieties of the two planets gives the maximum distance the planetary bodies can be from forming an exact aspect for the aspect to be effective.

ORIENTAL OF THE SUN: A planet is oriental of the Sun when is rises or sets before the Sun. If you rotate the chart so the Sun is on the Ascendant, planets above the horizon are oriental of the Sun. Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are accidentally dignified when oriental. Lilly says "to be Orientall is no other thing than to rise before the Sun: to be Occidentall is to be seen above the Horizon, or to set, after the Sun is down." The eastern half of a chart between the 4th cusp and the M.C. is called the oriental side of the chart. A star or planet rising in the morning before the sun is also called "matutine" or "matutinal."

PARALLEL OF DECLINATION: This occurs when two planets are the same number of degrees of arc North or South of the Celestial Equator. Many astrologers consider parallels to be symbolically similar to conjunctions.

PARALLEL OF LATITUDE: This occurs when two planets are the same number of degrees of arc North or South of the Ecliptic.

PARTILE ASPECT: This occurs when two planets form an aspect and occupy the same numerical degree "part" of their respective signs. For example, the Moon as it traverses the 5th degree of Aries is in partile opposition to Saturn when it occupies the 5th degree of Libra.

PART OF FORTUNE (PARS FORTUNA): The benefic point on the Ecliptic as far from the Eastern Horizon as the Moon is from the Sun. The Part of Fortune and its dispositor are helpful in matters of finance and in finding lost objects. The formula is: Ascendant + Moon - Sun. Lilly used this formula for all charts, but there is also a tradition of reversing the formula for night charts so that when the sun is below the horizon, PF = ASC + Sun - Moon (in night charts). When the native is born at a New Moon, the Part of Fortune conjoins the Ascendant. Ptolemy says (Loeb edition, pp. 276-277) "whatever relation and aspect the sun bears to the horoscope [Ascendant], the moon also may bear to the Lot of Fortune, and that it may be as it were a lunar horoscope [Ascendant]." Jacobson feels, but I disagree, that if the Moon parallels Pars Fortuna it is not void of course. By the same logic, if the Moon parallels the Ascendant it should not be void of course; but Jacobson makes no comment about lunar aspects to the Ascendant.

PEREGRINE PLANET: Foreign; without essential dignity. A peregrine planet is one that has no essential dignity at its current position in the zodiac. A planet in one of its debilities with no essential dignity is still considered peregrine. A mutual reception by sign or exaltation can abate the debility of being peregrine by giving the planet exchange status with one of its dignities (although it remains peregrine). Peregrine planets in the 2nd house or in an angular house may represent a thief. When such planets are in mutual reception, they may show the thief has changed locations. (Some modern astrologers, like the Hubers and Noel Tyl, have taken to calling unaspected planets "peregrine." This unfortunate redefinition of a widely used classical term can be misleading to students.)

PERFECTION: When an applying aspect between two planets becomes exact, the aspect is said to reach perfection. If the aspect signifying a matter can be brought to perfection without impedition, then the matter itself can be accomplished or "brought to perfection." According to Lilly (CA, pp. 124 - 128), the ancients described several ways "to know whether a thing demanded will be brought to perfection, yea or nay." These include: 1) by the significators "hastening to a conjunction"; 2) by the principal significators applying "by sextile or trine aspect out of good houses and places where they are essentially well dignifieda€|"; 3) "when the significators apply by square aspect, provided each planet have dignity in the degrees wherein they are, and apply out of proper and good housesa€|"; 4) sometimes by opposition "when there hath been mutual reception by House, and out of friendly Houses, and the Moon separating from the Significator of the thing demanded, and applying presently to the Lord of the Ascendanta€|"; 5) by Translation of Light; 6) by Collection of Light; and 7) by "the dwelling of Planets in houses, viz., when the Significator of the thing demanded is casually posited in the Ascendanta€| and "when the Moon, besides this dwelling in house, doth transfer the light of the Significator of the thing desired to the Lord of the Ascendanta€|"

PLACING (LOCATING) THE QUESTION: The method of identifying which of the twelve mundane houses relate to the horary question. The planets ruling the signs on the cusps of those houses become the chief significators. Unless the question is located in the proper houses, the answer given by the aspect between significators will be no better than chance.

PLANETARY HOURS: These vary with the location for which they are calculated. The period from Sunrise to Sunset is divided into twelve equal parts called "hours." The first hour of the day, starting at Sunrise, is ruled by the day ruler. For example, the first "hour" after sunrise on Monday is ruled by the Moon, on Tuesday by Mars, on Wednesday by Mercury, on Thursday by Jupiter, on Friday by Venus, on Saturday by Saturn, and on Sunday by the Sun. The remaining hours are assigned rulers in Chaldean order (Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon) so that the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd hours are ruled by the same planet. Traditionally, for a horary chart to be considered radical, the planetary hour ruler had to be compatible with the horary Ascendant ruler. Either the hour ruler and Ascendant ruler had to be the same planet, or the two rulers had to be of the same nature or triplicity. In electional astrology, it is considered fortunate to act during the planetary hour whose ruler makes a good aspect to the Moon, especially if the hour ruler is also the day ruler and the planet ruling the hour also rules the matter of the election.

PLANETARY STRENGTH: The power of a planet in a horary chart due to the sum total of the planet's dignities or debilities, both essential and accidental. In some questions the relative strength and house position of the main rulers will determine the answer. For example, in court questions whichever ruler has the most dignity (strength) and most favorably aspects the 10th cusp ruler or planet (the judge) is likely to win the case.

PLATIC ASPECT: An aspect that is not exact or partile but is within orb. For example, the Moon in the 7th degree of Aries is in platic opposition to Saturn in the 5th degree of Libra. "Platic" means broad-based.

PONDEROUS: Heavy, of great weight. A planet that is moving slowly is said to be ponderous. The slower of two planets is more ponderous than the faster one. The more ponderous planet receives an aspect; the lighter (faster) planet casts one. See Chaldean Order of the Planets.

POWER OF THE ASPECTS: In traditional astrology, the conjunction is most powerful, followed in order of decreasing power by the opposition, dexter square, sinister square, dexter trine, sinister trine, dexter sextile, and sinister sextile.

PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOX: The "backward" motion of the vernal equinox, which marks 0 degrees Aries, against the backdrop of the fixed stars. A complete cycle takes about 25,800 years. The gravitational forces of the Sun, Moon, and planets on the Earth cause a westward movement of the intersection of the planes of the Equator and the Ecliptic at a rate of about 50.23 seconds of arc per year.

PRIME VERTICAL: The vertical East-West great circle, whose plane is perpendicular to the plane of the meridian, and which passes through the East Point, Zenith, West Point, and Nadir of a particular location. An observer who is standing upright and facing south will be standing in the plane of the prime vertical.

PROHIBITION: When one significator is applying to a major aspect with another, symbolizing perfection of the matter, but a third planet aspects one of the significators before they can aspect each other, a prohibition occurs. The third planet causes an Abscission of Light which may prohibit the applying aspect between significators from perfecting the matter. See Contrariety of Planets.

PTOLEMAIC ASPECT: Same as Major Aspect. Based on the Greek theory of musical harmony, Ptolemy distinguished four major aspects between zodiac signs: sextile, square, trine, and opposition. He added that planets could be "corporally conjoined" or could form one of the four major aspects.

QUADRANTS: The horoscope wheel is divided into four quadrants by the intersection of the horizon and meridian lines. The first quadrant contains houses 12, 11, and 10. The second quadrant consists of houses 9, 8, and 7. The third quadrant contains houses 6, 5, and 4. Finally, the fourth quadrant consists of houses 3, 2, and 1. (CA, p. 48)
QUADRATE: Another name for a square aspect, "a sign of imperfect enmity" (CA, p. 106).
QUADRUPLICITY: The set of four signs with the same quality: Cardinal, Fixed, or Mutable.
QUERENT: Inquirer, one who queries. The person who asks the horary question.
QUESITED: What one queries about. The person or matter asked about.
QUINCUNX: The 150 degrees aspect. Not a Ptolemaic aspect. Thought to indicate necessary adjustments or reorganization in the horary matter. Signs in quincunx bear no classical musical ratio with one another and thus are inharmonious or out of joint.
RADICAL: (Latin: "radix" = root). Pertaining to the birth chart, also known as the radical chart. In horary astrology, a radical chart is one that describes the situation and is likely to give a valid answer. Considerations before judgment warn that the chart might not be radical or fit to judge.
RAYS: A planet is said to be "under the rays" of the Sun when it lies within a distance of the Sun's orb (twice the Sun's moiety). Thus a planet within 17o of the Sun is "under the Sun's rays" or "under the Sunbeams." When the planet gets within half the Sun's orb, it is combust or burned by the Sun's rays. When it lies within 17 minutes of the Sun's center, it is Cazimi or in the heart of the Sun. An applying planet casts its rays to the right of itself to form a dexter aspect and to the left of itself to form a sinister aspect.
RECEPTION: When planet B occupies a region of the zodiac that is an essential dignity of planet A, then planet A Receives planet B by that dignity, as if B were the visitor and A, the host. Thus, if B lies in the terms of A, then A receives B by term. Reception and Disposition are synonymous. In other words, A receives B when A disposits B through any of A's essential dignities.
REFRANATION: This occurs when an applying aspect is refrained from reaching perfection. Lilly regards refranation as happening when